How is output voltage from a transformer calculated?

Output voltage from a transformer is calculated using the transformer output voltage formula, which is derived from the principles of electromagnetic induction. This formula relates the input (primary) and output (secondary) voltages to the number of turns on the primary and secondary coils, reflecting the transformer’s turns ratio. The basic formula is expressed as:

[ V_s = V_p \times \left( \frac{N_s}{N_p} \right) ]

where ( V_s ) is the secondary voltage, ( V_p ) is the primary voltage, ( N_s ) is the number of turns in the secondary coil, and ( N_p ) is the number of turns in the primary coil.

This relationship is pivotal in understanding how transformers can step up (increase) or step down (decrease) voltage levels based on the configuration of the coils. By knowing the primary and secondary turns and either the primary voltage or the desired secondary voltage, one can effectively calculate the output voltage accordingly.

The other methods listed, such as Ohm's Law, the power formula, and Kirchhoff's laws, relate to electrical circuit analysis but do not specifically address the fundamental operation of a transformer in the context of output voltage determination. Therefore, they