What is a short circuit?

A short circuit is defined as an unintended path of low resistance that allows excessive current to flow. This phenomenon occurs when a conductive path bypasses the normal circuit elements, creating a situation where current can surge far beyond the intended capacity. This excess current can result in overheating, equipment damage, or even fire hazards due to the high energy that is suddenly available because of the low resistance path.

In typical wiring, current flows through resistive components that limit the flow to safe levels. However, if a short circuit occurs, the current encounters very little opposition, leading to a rapid increase in current flow. This can happen due to faulty wiring, damaged insulation, or other issues. Understanding this concept is crucial for diagnosing electrical problems and ensuring the safe design of electrical systems.