What is the definition of capacitance?

Capacitance is defined as the ability of a component or circuit to store electrical charge. More specifically, it is the amount of electric charge stored per unit of voltage, or potential difference, across the component. This relationship is mathematically expressed as capacitance (C) being equal to the charge (Q) stored divided by the voltage (V), or C = Q/V. This fundamental property of capacitors allows them to store energy within an electric field, which can then be released when the circuit requires it.

Understanding capacitance is essential for working with electrical systems, as it affects how circuits behave during charge and discharge cycles. This definition distinguishes capacitance from other electrical properties, such as resistance, which opposes current flow; induced voltage, which is related to the behavior of coils and magnetic fields; and current, which is the flow of electric charge in a circuit. Recognizing these distinctions is crucial for mastering electrical theories and practical applications in the field.