What is the primary function of a GFCI outlet?

The primary function of a GFCI (Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter) outlet is to prevent electric shock by shutting off power during a ground fault. This device monitors the electric current flowing through a circuit. If it detects an imbalance between the outgoing and incoming currents, which typically indicates a ground fault (when electricity is unintentionally flowing to the ground, possibly through a person), it will quickly interrupt the electrical flow, usually within milliseconds. This rapid response helps to minimize the risk of serious injury or fatality from electric shock.

This function is especially crucial in areas where water and electricity may come into contact, such as kitchens, bathrooms, and outdoor spaces, where the likelihood of ground faults increases. The other options—regulating voltage, increasing current flow, and distributing electricity evenly—do not accurately reflect the role of a GFCI outlet, which is specifically designed to enhance safety by addressing ground faults.